Esclavitud y libertad en tiempos de guerra: Respuestas de los negros al sitio británico de La Habana (1762-63)

Elena Schneider

doi:10.3989/revindias.2019.005

Authors

Elena Schneider University of California, Berkeley https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-1526

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/revindias.2019.005

Keywords:

African diaspora, Seven Years’ War, Cuba, Jamaica, marronage

Abstract

This article evaluates the British siege and occupation of Havana (1762-1763) as an event in the history of the African diaspora and racial slavery in the Atlantic world. People of African descent made up half the population of Cuba at this time, and played a central role in the events of the invasion and occupation. This paper draws upon archival sources in the U.S., Britain, Jamaica, Cuba, and Spain to investigate how the men and women of an interconnected African diaspora responded to this imperial conflict.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766, New York, Vintage, 2000.

Bollettino, Maria Alessandra, Slavery, War, and Britain's Atlantic Empire: Black Soldiers, Sailors, and Rebels during the Seven Years' War, tesis doctoral no editada, Universidad de Texas, Austin, 2009.

Canon, Richard, Historical Record of the First or Royal Regiment of Foot, Containing an Account of the Regiment in the Reign of King James VI of Scotland and of Its Subsequent Services to 1846, London, Parker, Furnival & Parker, 1847.

Childs, Matt, The 1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle Against Atlantic Slavery, Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Deschamps Chapeaux, Pedro, Los batallones de pardos y morenos libres, La Habana, Editorial Arte y Literatura, 1976.

Dubois, Laurent, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press Harvard University, 2004.

Echeverrí, Marcela, «Popular Royalists, Empire, and Politics in Southwestern New Granada, 1809-1819», Hispanic American Historical Review, 91/2 (Durham, NC, 2011): 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1165208

Equiano, Olaudah, The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings, editado por Vincent Carretta, New York, Penguin, 1995. Reimpreso en 2003.

Ferrer, Ada, Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139333672

Fick, Carolyn, The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below, Knoxville, University of Tennessee Press, 1990.

Fischer, Sybille, «The Deadly Hermeneutics of the Trial of José Antonio Aponte», Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2004: 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822385509-002 PMid:15552207

Franco, José Luciano, La conspiración de Aponte, La Habana, Consejo Nacional de Cultura, 1963.

Franco, José Luciano, Las conspiraciones de 1810 y 1812, La Habana, Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1977.

Franco, José Luciano, Comercio clandestino de esclavos, La Habana, 1980. Reimpresión en 1996.

García del Pino, César, Toma de la Habana por los ingleses y sus antecedentes, La Habana, Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2002.

García Rodríguez, Mercedes, Los ingleses en el tráfico e introducción de esclavos en Cuba, 1715-1739, La Habana, Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2006.

Graham, Reverend John, Extracts from the Journal of the Reverend John Graham, Chaplain of the First Connecticut Regiment…, New York, Society of Colonial Wars, 1896.

Hart, Francis Russell, The Siege of Havana, 1762, New York y Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1931.

Klein, Herbert S., «The Colored Militia of Cuba: 1568-1868», Caribbean Studies, 6/2 (Río Piedras, PR, julio 1966): 17-27.

Landers, Jane G., «Transforming Bondsmen Into Vassals: Arming Slaves in Colonial Spanish America», Philip D. Morgan and Christopher Leslie Brown (eds.), Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2006: 120-145. https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300109009.003.0006

Landers, Jane G., Atlantic Creoles in the Age of Revolutions, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2010.

López Mesa, Enrique, «Acerca de la introducción de esclavos en La Habana durante la ocupación británica (1762-1763)», Rábida, 19 (Huelva, 2000): 29-40.

López Mesa, Enrique, «La trata negrera en el puerto de la Havana a mediados del siglo XVIII», Catauro: Revista cubana de antropología, 2/3 (La Habana, enero-junio 2001): 148-158.

McNeill, John Robert, Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620-1914, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811623

O'Malley, Gregory E., Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619-180, Chapel Hill, NC, Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture/University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

Palmié, Stephan, «'For Reasons of History': José Antonio Aponte and His Libro de Pinturas», Wizards and Scientists: Explorations in Afro-Cuban Modernity and Tradition, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2002: 79-158. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822383642-002

Park, Roswell, «A Journal of the Expedition Against Cuba», University of Buffalo Studies, 1/4 (Buffalo, diciembre 1920): 231-243.

Pérez de la Riva, Juan, «Introducción», Grabados de Dominique Serres sobre la Toma de la Habana de 1762, La Habana, Biblioteca Nacional José Martí, 1962.

Placer Cervera, Gustavo, Los defensores del Morro, La Habana, Ediciones Union, 2003.

Placer Cervera, Gustavo, Inglaterra y La Habana: 1762, La Habana, Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2007.

Portuondo Zuñíga, Olga, Una derrota británica en Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Editorial Oriente, 2000.

Proceso formado por orden del Rey Nuestro Señor por la Junta de Generales que S.M. se ha dignado de nombrar a este fin sobre la conducta que tuvieron en la defensa, capitulación, pérdida, y rendición de la plaza de la Habana, y esquadra, que se hallaba en su puerto el Mariscal de Campo Juan de Prado…, Madrid, Juan de San Martin, 1763-1764, 2 vols.

Putnam, Israel, The Two Putnams: Israel and Rufus in the Havana Expedition 1762 and in the Mississippi River Exploration. 1772-3, With Some Account of the Company of Military Adventurers, Hartford, Connecticut Historical Society, 1931.

Robertson, Archibald, Archibald Robertson: His Diaries and Sketches in America, 1762-1780, New York, New York Public Library/New York Times/Arno Press, 1970, reimpresión.

Rodríguez, Amalia A. (ed.), Cinco diarios del sitio de La Habana, La Havana, Biblioteca Nacional José Martí, 1963.

Roig de Leuchsenring, Emilio (ed.), La dominación inglesa de La Habana: Libro de cabildos, 1762-1763, La Habana, Oficina del historiador de la ciudad, 1962.

Smelser, Marshall, The Campaign for the Sugar Islands: A Study in Amphibious Warfare, Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press, 1955.

Starr Meyers, William, «Journal of William Starr of Connecticut Regiment at Havana, 1762», Journal of American History, 4 (New York, 1909): 113-117.

Syrett, David (ed.), The Siege and Capture of Havana 1762, Great Britain, Navy Records Society, 1970.

Thomas, Hugh, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, New York, Harper & Row, 1977.

Thornton, John, «African Soldiers in the Haitian Revolution», The Journal of Caribbean History, 25 (Kingston, 1991): 58-80.

Thornton, John, «'I am the Subject of the King of the Kongo': African Political Ideology and the Haitian Revolution», Journal of World History, 4/2 (Honolulu, HI, otoño 1993): 181-214.

Thornton, John, Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800, London, University College London Press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203500446

Trelles, Carlos M., El sitio de la Habana y la dominación británica en Cuba, La Habana, El Siglo XX, 1925.